Christian Crusades And The Spanish Inquisition Essay

Some Old Testament skeptics claim that the Israelite conquest of Canaan was an act of divine cruelty. I can see this accusation being leveled due to the Christian Crusades, which began in 1095 and showed no love of God nor adherence to God’s commands. The formation of the Spanish Inquisition, which began in 1478, and led the inquisitors to believe that their gruesome actions actually saved Jews from their fate awaiting them in the afterlife; since the Jews were dying at the hands of God s children, their eternal spirits would be altered by the knowledge and wisdom of Jesus followers, and they would therefore be freed from hell and rise to heaven. Since world history is peppered with these unfortunate events we must be shore to use the scripture properly to defend our stance that the Israelites conquest of Canaan is not a form of divine cruelty. The Christian Crusades and the Spanish Inquisition were a type of man-made cruelty interwoven with gross miss-interpretation of Bibl ical text, but these actions are often seen from atheist historians as a form of divine cruelty. In opening a defense of the conquest of Canaan we must look into the Israelites history, and see how God had formed them, and why they felt called to conquer the inhabitants of Canaan. According to the Old Testament scripture the land of Canaan had been promised by the Creator of the Universe to the Israelites in Genesis 17:8, in which God tells Abraham the father of the nation Israel, â€Å"And I will giveShow MoreRelatedReligion And Its Impact On Society1310 Words   |  6 PagesBronze Age, when ancient city-states asked for help from their war gods before battle. One of the greatest and well-known wars caused by religion was The Crusades. In the year 1065, the Islamic Seljukian Turks conquered Jerusalem. Once in control, they slaughtered 3,000 Christians visiting the Jerusalem. It was common then for devoted Christians to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and its significant holy areas and it was not until the Turks took control of the holy land that they were no longer allowedR ead MoreThe Between Roman Empire And Christianity851 Words   |  4 Pagesold at the birth of Jesus Christ, the founder of the Christian faith, and directly influenced his life. The Roman Empire saw the growing Christian cult as threat, and ordered the crucifixion of Jesus. The followers of Christ were persecuted for centuries after his death until the Emperor Constantine took an interest in Christianity, which was spreading rapidly throughout the empire. Emperor Constantine encouraged the organization of Christian ideals and promoted the religion due to its ability toRead MoreCan the Jewish, Christian and Islamic Communities Coexist Harmoniously1242 Words   |  5 Pagesthe three holy scriptures as well as history and present day examples either supporting or opposing the idea of them being able to live side by side without conflict. The Bible Looking at the holy scripture of Christianity, the Bible, I found that christians are supposed to spread their religion as much as possible as they want to offer salvation for as many as possible, but are not to act out as the non-believers unwillingness will eventually punish them when they go to hell. (King James Bible OnlineRead MoreThe Inquisition : The Reign Of Fear851 Words   |  4 Pagesimmeasurable intolerance. The infamous Spanish Inquisition propelled those of the Jewish faith and heritage into the New World. Historians specializing in the Spanish Inquisition itself often begin their research mid-story, ignoring completely its roots, which date back to the thirteenth century. Instead, it is common for a book on the Inquisition to begin in the fifteenth century, with the expulsion of North African Muslims, or Moors, from Spain. Even in Toby Green’s Inquisition: The Reign of Fear, a fourteenRead MoreThe Spanish Inquisition: To Maintain Ethnic Purity or Merely Religio us Orthodoxy?1805 Words   |  8 Pages16th centuries Spain enacted one of the most studied inquisitions in history. The Spanish Inquisition consisted of some of the darkest days in Jewish history and contains some of Christianities most shameful chapters. Extensive research has revolved around this particular inquisition in the attempts to understand how a seemingly tolerant society could take such a radical turn. There are numerous ongoing debates as to whether or not this inquisition was an instrument used to maintain a certain ethnicRead MoreAntisemitism in the Middle Ages1616 Words   |  7 Pages In the year of 1492, most people instantly think of the Columbus’ discovery of the New World. But in the joy of the discovery of the New World also comes the tragedy of the Old World. The Spanish Inquisition was one of the darkest periods of time in Jewish history. Christianity’s view of other religions as inferior is portrayed in many well-known pieces of literature, including one of William Shakespeare’s most famous plays, The Merchant of Venice. Towering over Shakespeare’s romantic comedyRead MoreThe Knights Templars Essay961 Words   |  4 Pagesand the members had several titles. The Knights Templars started out as a small group of monks. Members had duties and certain lifestyles as Templars. The order rapidly spread across Europe. During the second crusade, the Templars fought for the Christian effort. After the second crusade the knights became very powerful and wealthy. The order was destroyed, yet it still lives on today. The Knights Templars were hidden in darkness and secrecy, and they will always remain a mystery. The HolyRead MoreThe Inner Gift And Curse2393 Words   |  10 Pagesthat eventually they become a crucial part of the larger economy. Although the Jews prospered at first, eventually the Christians became cold and jealous of the Jews success, those feelings lead to the Jews being expelled, converted, or killed otherwise know as the cure. This scaring epidemic happened throughout history, especially the 14th century Spain during the Spanish Inquisition, and 20th century Europe during the devastating Holocaust. Although, the Jews during any time period, were at firstRead MoreAnti-Semitism in the West from Constantine to the Expulsion of Jews from Spain6419 Words   |  26 PagesI. Constantine and Christianity as the state religion A. Legislation concerning Jews B. The Justinian Code C. Anti-Semitic Church Fathers II. The Crusades A. The march to Jerusalem B. Fourth Lateran Council C. Host desecration and blood libel D. Pogroms III. The expulsion of Jews from Spain A. The Inquisition B. The Conversos C. Expulsion Conclusion Anti-Semitism is defined as prejudice or discrimination against, and persecution of, the Jews as an ethnicRead MoreEssay on Judaism1216 Words   |  5 PagesI learned a lot of facts about Judaism that I had previously been ignorant to. I had no idea that we (Christians Jews) maintained the same bible (The Old Testament) but that we interpreted certain events differently, such as Adam and Eve. â€Å"In Judaism, each and every human being is free to choose good or evil because each person stands before God in the same relationship that Adam and Eve did† (Esposito 77). I was unaware that Judaism did not believe in â€Å"original sin.† I had no knowledge of the

Bipolar Disorder - Effect on Ones Life - 3286 Words

Bipolar Disorder: Effects on One’s Life Seminar II: Developing Learning Tools Ottawa University Ms. Nancy Hindle Tonya Nelson April 11, 2012 Abstract This literature review explores bipolar disorder (BD) and how it can affect one’s life. Patients experience extreme highs (mania/hypomania) and lows (depression) with this disorder. These episodes vary by type. There are various types of BD as well as multiple forms of treatments. There are also links between alcohol abuse or dependence (AUD) and social phobia (SP) with bipolar disorder. After treatment one may lead a full and productive life; however if untreated this disorder can affect mood, behavior and judgment, leading to poor performance at work, school and in†¦show more content†¦Cyclothymic disorder (Cyclothmia) is a very mild form which includes periods of hypomania and depression. Treatments There are a variety of treatment options for BD. Today there are many accepted forms of treatment ranging from medication to non-medication. Lithium (lithium carbonate) was the only accepted form of treatment for many years (Harvard Health Publications, 2006, p.1). It is the oldest form of a mood stabilizer and is highly effective in preventing suicide and helping symptoms of mania. It is the first Food and Drug Administration’s approved mood stabilization medication (NIMH, 2008). The downside to lithium is it can take quite some time to work, up to several weeks, and it is also difficult to regulate dosing. There are a range of side effects such as restlessness, dry mouth, bloating, discomfort in the cold, brittle nails and occasionally birth defects. Even though it is not the favored treatment in the United States, it is still used internationally and remains a standard treatment (Baldessarini et al., 2010). Furthermore it has been the most successful in patients with rapid cycling BD. According to Baldessarini et al. (2010), antidepressants continue to be the leading drugs given to BD patients in the United States, even though they may be poorly tolerated by type I patients. Antidepressants have low side effects in most patients and haveShow MoreRelatedManic Depression : An Effective Disorder952 Words   |  4 PagesIn this research paper, mood disorder is known as an effective disorder. This Mood disorder has another name or title that is psychiatrically labeled as Manic Depression. Sometimes individuals have good days or bad days, or just simply feel depressed. This manic depression concept reaches way beyond the trivial aspects of life. Sometimes life itself throws a curve, to the point, where an individual becomes unhappy about things that may lead them to a state of being emotionally depressed, but thisRead MoreThe Possible Relationship Between Bipolar Disorder And Violence969 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship between Bipolar disorder and violence has been a controversy and dispute as well as the focus of extensive research. This paper is focused on what bipolar disorder is and how to prevent violence. Bipolar disorder is a severe and a mental illness. A mental illness refers to a wide range of mental health conditions — disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior. Examples of mental illness include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and addictive behaviorsRead MoreThe Common Psychiatric Disorder ( Bipolar Disorder )1573 Words   |  7 Pages As one of the more common psychiatric disorders, as well as the most complex, Bipolar disorder is the leading causal factor of functional disability in which aberrations of mood are found in correlation with changes in behaviors, biological rhythms, and cognitive functions; being amongst the most severe of all psychological disorders, with the highest rates of homelessness, suicide, and hospitalization, as it concerns an estimated 2–4% of the population within then United StateRead MoreUnderstanding Bipolar Disorder And Major Depressive Disorder1219 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder The failure to properly recognize patients who experience symptoms that precipitate those of bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Although diagnostic errors can be made with caution and conscious awareness, the patient’s condition may worsen over time or possibly lead to a tragic death. The purpose of this analysis is to offer insight into the elements of bipolar disorder and majorRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )956 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar Disorder Definition Bipolar Disorder is an increasingly common mood disorder that effects millions of people worldwide. In order to understand the plight of any psychiatric patient suffering from this ailment or to be prepared to treat this disease, it is pertinent to first fully understand what this mental disorder truly is. The first misconception surrounding bipolar disorder is that it is just one disease, contrarily it can be divided into two different sub categories. The National InstituteRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Mental Health Condition981 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder, or manic-depressive disorder, is a disorder characterized by extreme mood changes. An individual who suffers from this disorder can have extreme highs or extreme lows. They could go from being overly energetic and outgoing to feeling empty, depressed, angry and just completely worthless on a daily, weekly, monthly and or even yearly basis. Diagnosis, dramatic changes in one’s life, and even treatment can have a s erious effect on an individual that is suffering from Bipolar disorderRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Psychological Disorder1293 Words   |  6 Pages Bipolar disorder is a psychological disorder in which a person alternates between being depressed to extremely happy and being cross or irritable. Bipolar disorder is also known manic-depressive illness. Bipolar disorder can cause shifts in energy, mood and activity level. This disorder can cause damage up to many things like relationships, jobs, school performance and even suicide. There are many treatments to bipolar disorder for those that have or are being affected. Bipolar Disorder BipolarRead MoreMedication Paper : Using Lithium Essay1078 Words   |  5 PagesPaper: Using Lithium As a counselor works with clients, one may have to work with a client that are taking psychotropic medication. A client named Kimberly disclosed in a session that she has Bipolar Disorder. She is a 19 year old African American woman. Kimberly has been experiencing symptoms of Bipolar Disorder for three years. Before beginning to take lithium, Kimberly has run away from home, displays erratic behaviors, has using marijuana to relieve symptoms, and attempting suicide when experiencingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pages1 HelenKeller541 Physiology October 26, 2016 Abstract: Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder; also referred to as manic depressive disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V, 2013). Bipolar disorder is a depressive disorder with manic episodes, it is placed between the chapters on schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders in recognition of their place as a bridge between the two diagnostics in terms of symptomology, family historyRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Its Effects On Children1247 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder or manic-depressive illness is a brain disorder that can affect one’s mood and ability to complete tasks. Bipolar disorder in children is under studied for many reasons. These include, lack of awareness and the difference in the disease seen in adults and children that can make it difficult to continue studies. Bipolar disorder has not been well studied despite harmful effects on growth and development in a child. As the child grows up, bipolar disorder may

Casey Anthony free essay sample

Courtroom trials are very interesting to me and I really enjoyed clerking for judges and being able to watch everything from beginning to end. The case I have chosen is a jury trial and that jury ends up being seven women and five men. The criminal laws that were violated were many starting with Child Neglect, making false official statements and obstructing an investigation. Forging checks, fraudulent use of identification and petty theft, first degree murder, aggravated child abuse aggravated manslaughter and four counts of lying to law enforcement. Heading the prosecution was the District Attorney of Orange County Florida with several of the Assistant District Attorney’s. The defense has Jose Baez and what they were calling a ‘team’ of defense counsel, which actually ended up only being 3. Judge Belvin Perry was on the bench and all of the witnesses that were on both the states list of witnesses to call but the defense as well. The outcome of this trial rocked the nation as the verdict was read live which were Not Guilty of Aggravated Murder, Aggravated Child Abuse and Aggravated Manslaughter. The defendant was found guilty on 4 counts of the forgery of checks and was credited for time served, then released from jail. Casey Anthony made national news for several days and remained the top story. She had been charged and arrested with murdering her two year old daughter, Caylee Anthony. Casey denied ever knowing anything to the police of her whereabouts and told law enforcement that her nanny had taken Caylee by force and she had been looking for her in different avenues, to supposedly protect the child. Also stating she should have contacted police sooner than 31 days prior, but she was in fear for her daughter’s life was the story she stuck to. After being jailed and held without bond pictures of the young mother were posted all over My Space portraying Casey Anthony as nothing but a party girl. It wasnt until the actual trial started and the story took a huge flip and George Anthony who is Caseys father and grandfather of little Caylee, was being accused of sexually molesting his daughter since she was 8 years old and covering up the truth about the whereabouts of the two year old. Since Casey had been a child, she had been taught to cover up and lie about certain situations if it was going to cause embarrassment to the family. It was George who had found the lifeless body of Caylee Anthony, lying face down in their pool and the cover-up began. George Anthony did not want it to get out that the family was irresponsible and left the ladder out to get into the pool. Which the story reads, little Caylee climbed up that ladder and got in the pool herself, due to no supervision and drowned. Skeletal remains of a small child were found 3 months later within a mile of the Anthony home. The body had been discarded like a piece of trash, and her remains had been duct taped in a black garbage bag and tossed into the woods. It became media frenzy and, Orlando, Florida became the busiest it had ever been since the child had gone missing. It was in fact the remains of Caylee Anthony and to this day, the young mother sticks to her story and accuses her own father of covering the death of her child up and forced Casey to go along with it. She had been taught to obey her father and did not want to go against his strictness and allowed George Anthony to dispose of the body. The trial that began on May 24, 2011 went to the jury on July 3rd 2011. Deliberations were suspended over the 4th of July holiday and resumed July 5th. During its deliberations, the jurors did not ask to review any of the 400 exhibits, request any clarifications of the law or ask for any of the trial testimony to be read back. After deliberating for 10 hours and 40 minutes, the foreperson informed the court that the jury had reached a unanimous verdict that afternoon. More often than not when a jury returns a verdict that quickly and without asking for any type of assistance from the court, it bodes ill for the defendant. This jury, however, was about to prove the old maxim that juries are unpredictable despite what all the talking heads predicted it would conclude. The jury found her not guilty of murder, aggravated child abuse and manslaughter. She was however, convicted of four counts of lying to police officers. Judge Perry sentenced Casey to one year in jail and $1,000. 00 in fines for each of the providing false information counts. She was released from jail on July 17, 2011due to time already served. While Casey had been acquitted in her daughter’s death, Casey’s problems were not at an end. The defamation suit of Zenaida Gonzalez who Casey accused of kidnapping her daughter (one of the false statements) is seeking both compensatory and punitive damages. Gonzalez states she lost her job as a result of Casey’s allegations which led to the loss of her apartment by eviction and she and her 6 children continue to be harassed and threatened. (Kumar) It has changed how society works today by taking more child missing stories more serious and not to the facts of the case, but the simple fact that the 12 person jury could not convict her due to lack of evidence. The State of Florida had not proved their case and she was walking free except with a few misdemeanor charges of lying to law enforcement. How could this have happened, with all the circumstantial evidence of her guilt was obvious, the jury stood by the law? The evidence did not prove that Casey had been involved at all without finding any DNA or any other minute evidence. At almost the end of the trial, Casey asked to be evaluated by Psychologist and Psychiatrist to see if she was mentally capable to continue with the trial. She was found competent and the trial continued til the end finding her not guilty. All of America disagreed with the verdict except the defendant and the defense counsel and still held her responsible for her daughters death. Society even went to the extreme as to calling the jury idiots I believe Casey Anthony led a not so great life, but was also a spoiled brat who always got her way. So with the news that she was walking free didnt surprise me, as I couldn’t see any physical evidence either. Sad but true, she is out living her life without her daughter and it does not seem to bother her a bit. Casey is in hiding though as of today and knows there are people out there who hate her. She has started to learn and recognize her lies and what they did to people, and has told friends she has a lot of regards. Other sources say she plans to receive psychological counseling. She is young and optimistic and realizes she can’t change the past but she can move forward.

Investigation of Photosynthetic Pigments in Spinach Essay Example

Investigation of Photosynthetic Pigments in Spinach Paper Investigation of Photosynthetic Pigments in Spinach Michael Yacoub BIOL211 Lori Hayes Introduction: Purpose: To demonstrate the existence of the pigments of photosynthesis in spinach by separating them using chromatography, then measure them using spectrometry. There are multiple pigments in photosynthesis, the varying pigments allow the plant to absorb light at various wavelengths which allows the plant to derive energy from photons from most, if not all, light available in that region it grows in. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation of Photosynthetic Pigments in Spinach specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation of Photosynthetic Pigments in Spinach specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation of Photosynthetic Pigments in Spinach specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In this lab there were a variety of pigments that were looked at, they included, chlorophylls, carotenes, nd xanthophylls. Chlorophylls are any of the few green pigments associated with certain bacterial membranes that are responsible for trapping light for energy in photosynthesis. Carotenes can be red, orange, or yellow lipid pigments and is often found as an accessory pigment in photosynthesis. Xanthophylls are yellow or orange pigment also usually found as an accessory pigment in photosynthesis. Although, these are not quite clear in the drawing shown below because they were hard to find in the provided samples, one can find these various pigments are found within the hloroplasts and more specifically within the thylakoid membrane within photosystems one and two. When testing to see what wavelengths are involved in the process of photosynthesis an action spectra was created; this is a graph that graphs the biological processes versus light wavelengths. An absorption spectrum however, is a graph of light absorption versus wavelength of light and allows one to see how much light is absorbed at each wavelength. This can also help show which pigments are present in the plant. In this lab an absorption spectra was created in order to elp identify the varying pigments present in the spinach leaf. Spectrophotometry at a specified wavelength. This experiment was testing the hypothesis that the wavelength shown through the pigment in solution will affect the amount of light absorbed by the solution. In specific, it was predicted that the darker the solution the greater the absorbance. Furthermore, various pigments will have higher absorbance values at specific wavelengths than other pigments at other wavelengths. There are two independent variables; the wavelengths of light shown through the pigments in olution, a quantitative variable, and the pigments in solution, a qualitative variable. There is only one dependent variable however and it is the absorbency measured, also a quantitative variable. Leaf Cross-section: Experiment: The procedure in the Biology 211: Majors Cellular Laboratory Manual was used as reference in the experiment. The experiment began with obtaining a piece of chromatography paper cut with 12 cm x 14 cm dimensions. Then a line 1. 5 cm from the bottom was made by rolling a penny over a spinach leaf, producing a 14 cm long green spinach line. Then, the chromatography paper was rolled into a cylinder and stapled to hold together; the line made by the spinach leaf was on the outside. Meanwhile, 20 mL of separation solvent was placed in a 600 mL beaker and the cylindrical chromatography paper was placed in it without having the solvent touch the green line and covered with plastic wrap. This set up was left alone to sit, vented by lifting up a corner of the plastic wrap, resealed and allowed to sit until the solvent line was approximately 1 cm from the end of the paper. Once the solvent line was bout 1 cm from the end of the paper it was removed from the solvent and allowed to dry. Then each section of pigment was cut as without including any other pigment. The instructor pooled all of the classes pigments and placed them in 80% acetone in separate beakers and sealed until all the color was eluted from the paper. One pigment in solution was given to individual lab groups and one group was given a solution that included all the pigments (pigment 5). Each group used spectrophotometry to measure the absorbance of each pigment starting with a avelength of 400 nm all the way to a wavelength of 710 nm with 10 nm increments; the 80% acetone was used as a blank and the machine was blanked every time the wavelength was changed. The absorbencies were recorded, the data was pooled and absorption spectrum was created. Our group was analyzing pigment E. Results: Figure 1 and Table 2 provide the collected chromatography data, the qualitative data was collected here. Table 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3 provide the spectrometry data. The quantitative data was collected here. Table: Shows conclusive evidence of peaks for pigment absorbance. Also the absorbance from the spinach leaf was included. Chromatography of Spinach Pigment # Pigment Color Distance Moved (mm) Rf Value Dark Green 11 0. 169 2 Light Green 28 0. 431 3 Light Yellow 0 0. 769 4 Dark Yellow 65 1. 00 Table: Shows different color of pigments as well as relative polarities in relation to the separation solvent. Figure : Shows the absorbance of Just the spinach leaf. Provides a comparison to pigments. Figure: Shows the relative peaks of absorbance for each pigment given the varying wavelength. Discussion: The hypothesis was proven to be correct, it was clear that different pigments were in the spinach leaf and each of those pigments was absorbing more light at specific wavelengths while having very low to no absorbance at other wavelengths- this can e seen in Figure 3, as well as Table 1. This is what helps the plant make use of as much light as possible in photosynthesis and not let anything go to waste. Pigments A, B, and C have two peaks while pigments D and E have only one peak in about the exact same spot. Something one can notice about the absorbance of the spinach leaf is that there is a range of wavelengths where there is very low absorbance. This definitely supported the proposed hypothesis because different pigments did have extremes, clearly showing that different pigments were better suited for varying wavelengths. The absorbances were so low at points because the pigments, Chlorophyll A, Chlorophyll B, Xanthophyll, and Carotene absorb the most light at different optimal wavelengths, so the absorbance would be low at times because it at a wavelength where the pigment would absorb the most light. Furthermore, this supports the hypothesis more simply because, in fact, the wavelength did affect the absorbance. Lastly, the darker solutions in fact did have higher absorbency peaks. This makes sense because Figure 2 models the spectra of Pigment A,B, and C in Figure 3. These pigments were the darker color which means they were most bundant in the spinach leaf. Therefore since these graphs model each other it would conclude that these were the major pigments. This also goes to define the concentrations of the pigments found in spinach. Pigment B since it closely modeled the spectra for Just spinach found in Figure 2, must be the major pigment component in spinach due to the fact that spinach is a combination of all the pigments that were isolated. Error that could be found in this lab probably is from misusage of the Spec-20. Mistakes such as not completely zeroing the machine occurred; this could esult in errors in the absorbance data. This could be fixed by getting better lab equipment. References: Biology 211 Majors Cellular Laboratory Manual Self Assessment: 1. I chose to use scatter-line plots. I chose this because I felt like it easily showed the peaks that I kept talking about. Also it showed the relation between the spinach and pigment absorption spectra well. 2. They are excellent. They have titles, the axes are labeled, and that have citations. 3. Excellent. I feel like I learned all the objectives for the lab, and I was able to effectively display the information.